| California (BCCA) |
Structural steel (hot-rolled sections, plate, HSS) and reinforcing steel |
Facility-specific EPDs required; maximum GWP limits set and periodically updated by CA Dept. of General Services |
Active since 2021; GWP thresholds enforced and under periodic review |
| Colorado (BCCO) |
Steel, concrete, glass, asphalt |
EPDs required for public projects; no binding GWP caps yet |
Enacted (2021); agencies currently collecting steel EPDs |
| Oregon |
Includes steel in lifecycle assessments for infrastructure materials |
Requires LCAs/EPDs for covered materials; working toward benchmarks |
Enacted (2022); early implementation, data gathering stage |
| Washington (Buy Clean, Buy Fair Act) |
Steel, concrete, and wood in state-owned buildings |
Embodied carbon reporting; state database to track EPDs; eventual procurement guidance linked to reporting |
Enacted (2024); reporting tools and rules under development |
| Maryland (Buy Clean Maryland Act) |
Steel not covered(concrete only) |
Cement/concrete only; framework could expand to steel later |
Enacted (2023); concrete GWP limits due by 2026 |
| Minnesota (Buy Clean, Buy Fair Act) |
Steel explicitly within scope |
Task Force to set procurement standards; EPDs and possible GWP limits under discussion |
Enacted (2023); Task Force active, rules not finalized |
| Federal – GSA |
Structural steel and rebar for federal building projects |
Requires EPDs and compliance with low-embodied carbon procurement standards (dual standard with interim GWP benchmarks) |
Active since 2023; enforceable in federal procurement |
| Federal – FHWA |
Steel in highways/bridges (guardrails, rebar, etc.) |
Buy Clean rule proposed but on hold; would require EPDs and GWP thresholds |
Pending; uncertain timeline |
